I had a wonderful opportunity this weekend to partake in a Historic Cake Baking class, at Fort York. The fort is the original military garrison that helped established what is modern day Toronto. The museum has focused its programs and activities around the period leading up to and during the War of 1812. While attending a homeschool group sleepover a few weekends ago, another homeschool mom and I noticed posting for a class in historic cake baking.

The day was wonderful. Using period recipes we mimicked the process of making baked goods and baking them as they would have been when the fort was active. We made Derby "Short" cakes, Portugal cakes, Lemon cake, Gingerbread cake and Rout cakes. We had cakes baking in the bake oven, over the hearth, and in a special pan with coals on the top and bottom which made a nice, efficient oven.

When we arrived there were two fires blazing, one in the hearth, the other in the bake oven at the side of the main fireplace. I had always thought the bake oven was heated from a fire underneath. When the bricks inside the bake oven turned white, we removed the fire and close the small door to keep the heat in.
One thing we learned is that baking in a historical manner is not an exact science. A cake one day could take an hour to bake, while the same cake another day could take four hours, depending on the temperature of the oven.
Another interesting thing about historic baking is that there was no baking soda or easy way to leaven a cake (leaven is the rising agent). Leavening had to be done with readily available ingredients like eggs. For each recipe the eggs had to be separated (yokes in one bowl, whites in another). Whites were always placed in a round bottom copper bowl. And then both bowls are whipped using a hand whisk. Each bowl needed 15 to 20 minutes of whisking to get the desired consistency. Our arms were exhausted!

The sugar as well would have been cone shaped, and hardened for transport to Upper Canada from far away locales. Cooks were required to use a mortar and pestle to smash the sugar into the form we have readily available today. This was another time consuming and physically taxing task. The nutmeg and ginger as well needed to be hand grated. Everything was measured by weight on a balance scale. And measuring cups were tea cups, a standard teacup being equal to 8 ounces (1 cup).

Historic recipes lack descriptions. It was assumed anyone worth their salt would know their way around a 1812 kitchen. Reading historical recipes can be difficult for a modern cook not knowledgeable in period cooking techniques. Even now historians are experimenting with different techniques and ingredients to piece together the foods that were once the staple of our young nation.

I find it all very fascinating. I know my way around a modern kitchen quite nicely. I rare rely on modern conveniences and electronic helpers but even I had a learning curve in this historic kitchen. It was a wonderful experience.